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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence
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Comparing different post-mortem human samples as DNA sources for downstream genotyping and identification.

Gayvelline C Calacal1, Dame Loveliness T Apaga2, Jazelyn M Salvador1

  • 1DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; Program on Forensics and Ethnicity, Philippine Genome Center, National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.

Forensic Science International. Genetics
|August 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

DNA typing from post-mortem remains is challenging in the Philippines due to humid conditions. This study evaluated various biological samples for DNA extraction, finding bone marrow and teeth suitable for human identification.

Keywords:
DNAHuman identificationMass disastersPutrefied remainsSTR typing

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • DNA profiling from decomposing remains is difficult in tropical climates like the Philippines.
  • High humidity and temperatures accelerate decomposition, complicating identification of disaster victims or crime scene remains.
  • Traditional reliance on femur samples is hindered by sample collection challenges during mass casualty events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of various biological samples for DNA extraction and genotyping in challenging post-mortem conditions.
  • To identify alternative samples to femur for DNA analysis in the Philippines.
  • To evaluate DNA yield and the presence of PCR inhibitors in different tissue types.

Main Methods:

  • DNA was extracted from multiple sample types (body fluid, bone marrow, muscle, clavicle, femur, metatarsal, patella, rib, vertebra) from cadavers and exhumed remains.
  • A detergent-washing followed by an organic DNA extraction method was employed.
  • Autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) and Y-STR DNA typing were performed using PowerPlex® systems and analyzed on an AB3500 Genetic Analyzer.

Main Results:

  • Amplifiable DNA was successfully obtained from most analyzed samples, including non-bone and bone samples.
  • Complete DNA profiles were generated from bone marrow, femur, metatarsal, and patella using 0.1 ng DNA template.
  • PCR inhibitors were detected in bone marrow, muscle, rib, and vertebra samples, but did not prevent successful genotyping in most cases.

Conclusions:

  • Bone marrow and teeth (represented by metatarsal and patella) are viable alternatives for DNA profiling in the Philippines.
  • The evaluated DNA extraction method is effective for various sample types, even with PCR inhibitors present.
  • Successful DNA typing from diverse post-mortem samples aids human identification efforts in resource-limited settings.