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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
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[Circulating nucleic acids and infertility].

E Scalici1, T Mullet2, A Ferrières Hoa3

  • 1Département de biologie de la reproduction, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, 371, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France; Inserm U1203, hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, UFR de médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France.

Gynecologie, Obstetrique & Fertilite
|August 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating nucleic acids, including cell-free DNA and microRNAs, show promise as biomarkers for infertility. These molecules can aid in diagnosing ovarian disorders, assessing male fertility, and predicting embryo development in assisted reproductive technology.

Keywords:
ADN libreAcides nucléiques circulantsAssistance médicale à la procréationAssisted reproductive technologyCell-free DNACirculating nucleic acidsEmbryo qualityFollicular micro-environmentInfertilité masculineMale infertilityMicroenvironnement folliculaireOvarian reserveQualité embryonnaireRéserve ovariennemicroARNsmicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and medicine
  • Molecular diagnostics
  • Biomarker discovery

Background:

  • Circulating nucleic acids (cell-free DNA and microRNAs) are readily detectable in biological fluids.
  • These molecules are emerging as significant biomarkers in reproductive medicine.
  • Their detection offers non-invasive insights into reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of circulating nucleic acids as biomarkers in infertility diagnostics and prognostics.
  • To highlight their role in assessing female and male reproductive conditions.
  • To evaluate their potential in predicting outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of circulating cell-free DNA and microRNA levels in biological fluids.
  • Correlation of nucleic acid profiles with specific infertility diagnoses (e.g., PCOS, low ovarian reserve, spermatogenesis abnormalities).
  • Assessment of predictive value for in vitro embryo development quality.

Main Results:

  • Circulating nucleic acids can help detect ovarian reserve disorders and assess follicular microenvironment quality in females.
  • Abnormal expression levels of circulating nucleic acids are linked to spermatogenesis abnormalities in males.
  • These biomarkers effectively predict the quality of in vitro embryo development.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating nucleic acids are valuable biomarkers for both female and male infertility.
  • They hold significant potential for developing novel diagnostic and prognostic tests in ART.
  • Their application can lead to personalized medical care for infertile couples undergoing ART.