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Cognitive impairments and depression: a critical review
Miquel Roca1, Margalida Vives1, Emilio López-Navarro1
1Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain Red de Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud en Atención Primaria (RedIAPP), Spain.
Actas Espanolas De Psiquiatria
|September 1, 2015
Summary
Cognitive impairments in depression affect psychomotor speed, attention, and memory. While some improvement occurs during remission, cognitive deficits persist, and current antidepressants may worsen specific functions.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Cognitive impairments are central to depressive disorders.
- Understanding these deficits is crucial for effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze studies on cognitive performance in depressed patients over a decade (2004-2014).
- To examine how factors like age, symptom severity, remission status, and pharmacological treatment influence cognitive function.
Main Methods:
- Searched international databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
- Included 12 papers focusing on cognitive performance in depression.
- Analyzed data considering various clinical and demographic factors.
Main Results:
- First-episode depression impacts psychomotor speed, attention, memory, and executive functions.
- Depressed patients in remission show improved attention but not to healthy control levels.
- Melancholic depression presents a distinct cognitive impairment pattern.
- Current antidepressants may negatively affect inhibition, verbal fluency, and working memory.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive dysfunction is a persistent issue in depression, varying by subtype and treatment.
- Further research is needed on longitudinal outcomes, etiopathogenesis, and the impact of new antidepressants on both mood and cognition.
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