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Management of ascites in children

Erin R Lane1, Evelyn K Hsu2, Karen F Murray2

  • 1a 1 Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way, NE, PO Box 5371/OB.9.640, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|September 2, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric ascites, often caused by liver cirrhosis, requires tailored management. This review details medical and surgical strategies for treating fluid buildup in children, focusing on underlying causes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Hepatology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Ascites is pathological fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity.
  • Common causes in pediatric patients include chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.
  • Management strategies must address the specific etiology in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and update the management of ascites in pediatric patients.
  • To discuss considerations for both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic pediatric ascites.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric ascites management.
  • Analysis of medical and surgical treatment modalities.
  • Discussion of etiology-specific interventions.

Main Results:

  • Management is etiology-dependent, targeting underlying causes.
  • Key strategies include sodium restriction, diuresis, and paracentesis.
  • Advanced options include shunts and liver transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Effective pediatric ascites management requires addressing the root cause.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is often necessary.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge for clinical practice.

Keywords:
ascitescirrhosisdiuresishypoalbuminemiaparacentesispediatricsrenin–angiotensin–aldosterone systemtransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

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