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Learning Empathy Through Simulation: A Systematic Literature Review.

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Simulation methods, including role-play and games, effectively teach empathy to future healthcare professionals. Learners adopting the patient role particularly enhance empathetic development in these educational settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Healthcare Simulation
  • Empathy Development

Background:

  • Simulation is a growing educational tool for cultivating empathy in health professional students.
  • Existing literature requires synthesis to understand the efficacy and mechanisms of simulation in empathy training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review evidence on the effectiveness of simulation in developing empathy and empathetic behaviors.
  • To explore how different simulation modalities (games, simulated patients, role-play) contribute to empathy development.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of 27 studies, including 9 randomized controlled trials, published up to May 2014.
  • Searches conducted across 11 databases (e.g., MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, ERIC) using specific keywords.
  • Narrative synthesis used to analyze findings from included studies.

Main Results:

  • Simulation appears to be a suitable method for teaching empathy to preservice health professionals.
  • Studies indicate that learners assuming the patient role within simulations show enhanced empathetic development.
  • Various simulation techniques, including games, simulated patients, and role-play, were explored.

Conclusions:

  • Simulation is a valuable pedagogical approach for enhancing empathy in future healthcare practitioners.
  • Incorporating patient role-play within simulation exercises is a key strategy for fostering empathy.