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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier MSC for Lung Cancer Screening
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Lung Cancer Biomarkers.

Hoseok I1, Je-Yoel Cho2

  • 1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry
|October 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Early detection of lung cancer is crucial for improving survival rates. This review highlights promising noninvasive biomarkers found in bodily fluids like blood, sputum, and saliva for earlier diagnosis and better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Circulating tumor cellsClinical trialsDiagnosisLung cancer biomarkersMethylated DNAsPredictionPrognosisProteomemiRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with late diagnosis significantly hindering prognosis.
  • Improved survival rates (over 80%) for surgically resected lung cancer underscore the critical need for early detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for lung cancer.
  • To focus on biomarkers derived from biological fluids, including blood, sputum, saliva, and others.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of noninvasive lung cancer biomarkers.
  • Emphasis on biomarkers in serum/plasma due to convenience and molecular richness.
  • Discussion of proteins, microRNAs, methylated DNA, and circulating tumor cells as potential biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Proteins are the most validated biomarkers, with some limited clinical use.
  • MicroRNAs, methylated DNA, and circulating tumor cells are under active development and validation.
  • Serum/plasma are primary sources for biomarker development.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive biomarkers in biological fluids hold significant potential for early lung cancer detection and improved patient management.
  • Continued research and validation are essential to translate these biomarkers into clinical practice.