Focused Ultrasound and Lithotripsy
Teiichiro Ikeda1, Shin Yoshizawa2, Norihiro Koizumi3
1Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 22, 2015
Summary
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) offers a novel approach to kidney stone removal by maximizing cavitation. This method uses precise control to disintegrate stones into small fragments, potentially improving lithotripsy treatments.
Area of Science:
- Medical Physics
- Biomedical Engineering
- Acoustics
Background:
- Shock wave lithotripsy is a common kidney stone treatment.
- Cavitation is a key mechanism in stone fragmentation.
- Current methods require precise control due to cavitation unpredictability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and outline a novel kidney stone disintegration method using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).
- To detail a precise three-step control system for maximizing cavitation activity.
- To evaluate the efficacy of this HIFU-based method for kidney stone fragmentation.
Main Methods:
- Developed a two-frequency cavitation control (C-C) waveform (1-4 MHz high frequency, 0.5 MHz low frequency).
- Implemented a three-step control system: pressure fluctuation control, cavitation monitoring with feedback, and stone tracking.
- Utilized a non-invasive ultrasound theragnostic system (NIUTS) for motion compensation.
Main Results:
- High-speed photography confirmed cavitation collapse and shock wave emission on kidney stones.
- In-vitro tests showed C-C waveform significantly improved erosion rates of model kidney stones.
- Natural kidney stones were eroded into fragments smaller than 1 mm, suitable for urethral passage.
Conclusions:
- Precise control of cavitation activity using HIFU is a promising approach for kidney stone treatment.
- The developed C-C waveform and control system demonstrate potential for a less invasive and more controllable lithotripsy.
- HIFU-based lithotripsy offers a viable alternative for kidney stone disintegration.
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