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Frontalis Muscle Asymmetry and Lateral Landmarks.

Bryan R Costin1, Patrick J Wyszynski, Tal J Rubinstein

  • 1*Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; †Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio; ‡Department of Anatomy, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; and §Lorain Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Lorain, Ohio, U.S.A.

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|October 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Significant frontalis muscle asymmetry was found in 20% of Caucasian cadavers, with the right side larger. This forehead muscle interdigitates with the orbicularis oculi muscle laterally.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Facial Morphology

Background:

  • The frontalis muscle plays a key role in facial expression and brow elevation.
  • Understanding its anatomical variations, including asymmetry and its relationship with surrounding muscles, is crucial for surgical and clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate frontalis muscle asymmetry in Caucasian cadavers.
  • To characterize the lateral interdigitation of the frontalis muscle with the orbicularis oculi muscle.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of muscle belly area and asymmetry using NIH ImageJ software on 58 hemifaces from 29 Caucasian cadavers.
  • Measurement of lateral interdigitation between frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles from the supraorbital notch.
  • Statistical analysis including t-tests and nonparametric tests.

Main Results:

  • Significant frontalis muscle belly asymmetry was observed in 20% of specimens (6/29).
  • In all asymmetric cases, the right muscle belly was larger than the left.
  • The average right muscle belly area was 1.23 times the left (p < 0.001).
  • Lateral interdigitation with the orbicularis oculi muscle occurred at an average of 3.4 cm from the supraorbital notch.

Conclusions:

  • A notable percentage (20%) of Caucasian cadavers exhibit frontalis muscle belly asymmetry, predominantly with a larger right belly.
  • The frontalis muscle consistently interdigitates with the orbicularis oculi muscle, approximately 3.4 cm lateral to the supraorbital notch.
  • These findings contribute to a better understanding of facial anatomy and potential implications in reconstructive surgery.