The normal and fractured physis: an anatomic and physiologic overview
Pooya Hosseinzadeh1, Todd Milbrandt
1aPediatric Orthopedics, Baptist Children's Hospital, Miami, FloridabPediatric Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. Part B
|November 3, 2015
Summary
The growth plate (physis) regulates limb lengthening through complex cellular and molecular interactions. Disruptions to these processes can cause growth abnormalities, necessitating understanding of its histology, mechanobiology, and pathologies.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Skeletal Development
Background:
- The growth plate (physis) is crucial for longitudinal bone growth in limbs.
- Its regulation involves intricate interactions between chondrocytes and various systemic/local factors.
- Understanding these interactions is key to addressing growth abnormalities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the histology of the normal growth plate.
- To explore recent cellular and molecular findings.
- To discuss growth plate pathologies and treatment options.
Main Methods:
- Histological examination of the normal growth plate.
- Review of current cellular and molecular biology research.
- Analysis of biomechanical and mechanobiological studies.
- Compilation of data on growth plate pathologies and treatments.
Main Results:
- Detailed histology of the physis is presented.
- Recent advances in understanding cellular and molecular regulation are highlighted.
- Mechanics and mechanobiology of the growth plate are discussed.
- Various pathologies affecting the growth plate are outlined.
Conclusions:
- The growth plate's complex cellular and molecular regulation is vital for normal skeletal development.
- Deficiencies or injuries can lead to significant growth abnormalities.
- Further research into pathologies and treatments, including interposition materials, is warranted.
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