Experimental Study of Kinematic Activity of Left Ventricular Myocardium

A method of invasive and non-invasive examination of epicardial motion was tested on domestic pigs (n=15). The invasive study employed a contact kinematic sensor of the epicardial wall motion, which determined the amplitude, velocity, and angular parameters of examined epicardial region. A non-invasive assessment of the epicardial kinematics based on echocardiographic 2D Velocity Vector Imaging and ECG recoding used to determine the heart electrical axis. The 4-chamber views were uses to analyze the longitudinal displacements of lateral wall of the left ventricle at the basal, mid, and apical segments. In addition, the radial displacements were determined in short axis projections at basal and apical segments as well as at the level of papillary muscles. The animals with normal or horizontal heart's electrical axis demonstrated similar displacement of the epicardium along X-axis and in longitudinal direction, while displacement along Y-axis corresponded to that in radial direction. The combined invasive and non-invasive approach in measurement of epicardium motion makes it possible to quantify the kinematic epicardial activity.