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Acute Mouse Brain Slicing to Investigate Spontaneous Hippocampal Network Activity

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Sharp Wave Ripples during Visual Exploration in the Primate Hippocampus.

Timothy K Leonard¹, Jonathan M Mikkila¹, Emad N Eskandar²

¹Departments of Psychology and.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|November 6, 2015

Summary

Sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) occur during active exploration in primates, not just rest. These exploratory SWRs are linked to attentive visual search and may enhance memory during experience.

Keywords:

change detection macaque natural scenes search sleep theta

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience

Background:

Sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are neural oscillations crucial for memory consolidation, typically observed during quiescent states.
In rodents, SWRs also support learning during brief pauses in exploration.
The occurrence and function of SWRs during active exploration in primates remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and characteristics of SWRs during active visual exploration in nonhuman primates.
To determine if SWRs during exploration are associated with specific behavioral patterns and cognitive functions.
To explore the potential role of exploratory SWRs in memory and perception during active engagement.

Main Methods:

Detected SWRs in the hippocampus of Macaca mulatta during both quiescent states and goal-directed visual exploration.
Analyzed SWR frequency bands, association with saccades and fixations, and coincidence with target object detection.
Compared neural population spiking synchrony during SWRs versus high gamma-band activity.

Main Results:

SWRs were identified during quiescent states and active visual exploration in primates.
Exploratory SWRs exhibited similar frequency bands to quiescent SWRs and were linked to smaller saccades and longer fixations.
SWRs coinciding with target fixations enhanced detection, and were associated with greater neural spiking synchrony compared to gamma activity.

Conclusions:

SWRs are not exclusive to offline states but also occur during active, attentive visual exploration in primates.
Exploratory SWRs are associated with enhanced perception and may play a role in memory consolidation during ongoing experience.
These findings suggest an extended role for SWRs in primates, supporting both rest-based consolidation and active learning.