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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
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Absolute phase effects on CPMG-type pulse sequences.

Soumyajit Mandal1, Sangwon Oh2, Martin D Hürlimann3

  • 1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Schlumberger-Doll Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|November 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radio-frequency pulse transients significantly impact Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements like the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. Understanding these transient effects is crucial for accurate NMR data acquisition.

Keywords:
Absolute phaseCPMGPhase transientsPulse synchronization

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Radio-Frequency (RF) Pulse Engineering

Background:

  • Multiple-pulse NMR sequences, such as the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG), are sensitive to artifacts.
  • Radio-frequency (RF) pulse transients, dependent on absolute RF phases and timing, can introduce significant distortions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of RF pulse transients on multi-pulse NMR measurements.
  • To investigate how these transients affect sequences like CPMG.
  • To explore the differences in transient effects between various NMR probe circuits.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of RF pulse transients in two low-frequency NMR systems.
  • Utilized a conventional tuned-and-matched probe circuit.
  • Employed an ultra-broadband un-tuned or non-resonant probe circuit.

Main Results:

  • Observed signal decay, persistent oscillations, and altered echo shapes due to transient effects.
  • Demonstrated distinct differences in absolute phase effects between the two probe systems.
  • Developed simple models to elucidate the observed phase effects.

Conclusions:

  • RF pulse transients are a critical factor influencing the fidelity of multi-pulse NMR experiments.
  • The design of the NMR probe circuit significantly affects the manifestation of absolute phase transient effects.
  • The findings provide insights for optimizing NMR pulse sequences and hardware design.