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Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

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Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
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A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...
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The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that...
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The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Mycologic Endocrinology.

Karl V Clemons1,2, Jata Shankar3,4, David A Stevens5,6

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fungi interact with mammalian hormones, influencing their growth, mating, and drug resistance. These conserved hormonal interactions are crucial for fungal pathogenesis and overall biology.

Keywords:
Drug effectsFungiGlucocorticoidsGrowth and developmentHormonesMetabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Fungi utilize endogenous ligands for mating.
  • Mammalian hormones impact fungal growth and pathogenesis.
  • Fungi possess specific, high-affinity binding proteins for mammalian hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the interactions between fungi and mammalian hormones.
  • To understand the functional responses of fungi to hormonal signals.
  • To investigate the role of these interactions in fungal biology and pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fungal interactions with hormones (e.g., estrogen, progesterone).
  • Examination of genome expression profiles (e.g., Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
  • Investigation of azole antifungal interactions with fungal hormone-binding proteins and mammalian steroidogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Mammalian hormones exhibit stimulatory or inhibitory effects on various fungal species.
  • Hormone-fungus interactions can alter fungal drug resistance pumps (e.g., CDR1, CDR2), affecting antifungal susceptibility.
  • Azoles interact with fungal hormone-binding proteins and can inhibit mammalian steroidogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Hormonal interactions with fungal systems are evolutionarily conserved.
  • These interactions play a significant role in fungal pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for fungal biology and therapeutic strategies.