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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

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Melanoma: Clinical Presentations.

Nour Kibbi1, Harriet Kluger2, Jennifer Nam Choi1

  • 1Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.

Cancer Treatment and Research
|November 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melanoma, a cancer of melanocytes, commonly appears on the skin but can also develop on mucosal surfaces and in the eye. This review covers melanoma

Keywords:
Atypical pigmented cutaneous lesionsMelanoma of unknown primary siteNon-cutaneous melanoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Melanoma originates from melanocytes, cells typically found in the skin's basal layer.
  • While most common on the skin, melanoma can also arise in non-cutaneous locations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the diverse clinical presentations of melanoma.
  • To describe the patterns of melanoma spread, including regional and distant metastases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of typical and atypical melanoma presentations.
  • Categorization of lesions into cutaneous and non-cutaneous types.
  • Analysis of regional spread and metastatic patterns.

Main Results:

  • Melanoma exhibits varied appearances, from pigmented to pink/red lesions, mimicking other conditions.
  • The study outlines melanoma's occurrence in skin, mucosal surfaces (oral, GI, genital), eye (uveal tract), and leptomeninges.
  • Patterns of regional spread and distant metastases are detailed.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the full spectrum of melanoma presentation is crucial for diagnosis.
  • Awareness of both cutaneous and non-cutaneous melanoma, along with metastatic patterns, aids in comprehensive patient management.