Familial Hypodontia: A Case Series

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Genetics
• Human Biology

Background:

• Congenitally missing teeth, also known as dental agenesis, is a common developmental anomaly with various classifications including hypodontia and oligodontia.
• Familial occurrence suggests a genetic predisposition to this condition.
• Non-syndromic forms are distinguished from those associated with broader genetic syndromes.

Observation:

• Two siblings from the same family presented with hypodontia.
• Case I exhibited absence of teeth 18, 12, 22, and 31.
• Case II showed absence of teeth 31 and 41.

Findings:

• The diagnosis of non-syndromic familial hypodontia was established based on the affected siblings and the absence of syndromic features.
• Both siblings presented with dental agenesis, resulting in malocclusion and aesthetic concerns.
• The familial pattern indicates a hereditary component in the development of hypodontia.

Implications:

• Understanding the genetic basis of non-syndromic familial hypodontia is crucial for genetic counseling and risk assessment.
• Early diagnosis and intervention are essential to manage malocclusion and aesthetic disturbances.
• An interdisciplinary dental approach is recommended for comprehensive treatment planning and management of affected individuals.