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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Small Intestine01:15

Small Intestine

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The small intestine is primarily responsible for digestion and nutrient absorption. It spans from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve and connects to the large intestine.
The small intestine is divided into three main sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, approximately 25 cm long, is nearest the stomach. It acts as a 'mixing bowl,' where chyme (partially digested food) blends with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and liver. The duodenum's unique...
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Large Intestine01:09

Large Intestine

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The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...
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Histology of the Large Intestine01:26

Histology of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
The innermost mucosa layer comprises simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. This layer is primarily populated with absorptive cells, tasked with water absorption, and goblet cells, responsible for secreting mucus to...
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Intestinal Phase of Digestion01:29

Intestinal Phase of Digestion

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The intestinal phase of digestion is the third and final stage of the digestive process, occurring after the cephalic and gastric phases. It begins when chyme, a partially digested mixture of food and digestive enzymes, enters the small intestine from the stomach. This phase is crucial for nutrient absorption and involves complex hormonal and enzymatic interactions.
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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model
08:45

Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model

Published on: December 1, 2012

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Intestine.

J M Smith1,2, M A Skeans2, S P Horslen3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
|January 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intestine transplantation is a vital treatment for intestinal failure, with improving survival rates. However, adult candidates and those needing combined intestine-liver transplants face higher pretransplant mortality risks.

Keywords:
Intestinal failureintestine transplantintestine-liver transplantwaiting list

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Area of Science:

  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Intestinal failure necessitates complex management, often involving parenteral nutrition.
  • Intestine transplantation offers a solution, but waiting lists and associated risks persist.
  • Significant advancements have been made in organ transplantation techniques and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in intestine and intestine-liver transplantation waiting lists and outcomes.
  • To evaluate pretransplant mortality rates across different patient demographics and transplant types.
  • To assess graft and patient survival rates following intestinal allotransplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of national transplant waiting list data from 2012-2014.
  • Comparison of pretransplant mortality rates for intestine vs. intestine-liver transplant candidates.
  • Evaluation of graft and patient survival based on age and transplant type.

Main Results:

  • In 2014, 210 new patients were added to the intestine transplant waiting list.
  • Pretransplant mortality decreased significantly, but remained higher for adults and intestine-liver candidates.
  • Both intestine and intestine-liver transplant volumes increased, with short-gut syndrome as the primary indication.

Conclusions:

  • Intestine transplantation is increasingly utilized for intestinal failure, showing improved survival.
  • Adults and combined intestine-liver transplant recipients face higher mortality risks.
  • Continued research and improved surgical strategies are crucial for optimizing outcomes in intestinal transplantation.