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Heart Valves

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

Chambers of the Heart

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...

Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...

Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.

Overview of the Heart

Overview of the Heart

The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...

Development of the Heart

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases

Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases

Published on: June 16, 2022

Heart.

M Colvin^1,2, J M Smith^2,3, M A Skeans²

¹Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons

|January 13, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Heart transplant numbers are rising steadily for both adults and children, with more candidates added to waiting lists each year. Despite increased procedures, long-term survival rates for pediatric heart transplant recipients show ongoing challenges.

Keywords:

End-stage heart failure heart transplant transplant outcomes ventricular assist device

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Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases

Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases

Published on: June 16, 2022

Author Spotlight: Advancing Human Cardiac Anatomy Through Multi-Scale Analysis of Hearts

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3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis

3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis

Published on: April 12, 2017

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Transplantation Medicine
Public Health

Background:

The demand for heart transplants is increasing globally.
Rising numbers of candidates on heart transplant waiting lists present significant challenges.
Steady annual increases in heart transplant procedures offer hope.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze trends in heart transplant waitlist activity for adult and pediatric candidates.
To evaluate the volume and outcomes of heart transplant procedures over time.
To assess survival rates for pediatric heart transplant recipients.

Main Methods:

Analysis of national heart transplant waitlist data.
Review of heart transplant procedure statistics from 2003 to 2014.
Examination of survival data for pediatric heart transplant recipients (2008-2012).

Main Results:

Heart transplants increased by 28.4% from 2003 to 2014, with 2679 procedures in 2014.
Both adult and pediatric waiting lists saw increased additions and removals due to transplant.
Pediatric heart transplants rose to 410 in 2014; 5-year survival was 81.7% for transplants in 2008-2012.

Conclusions:

While heart transplant volume is increasing, waitlist demand continues to grow.
Improved outcomes and survival rates are crucial, especially for pediatric recipients.
Continued monitoring and research are essential to address the gap between demand and supply in heart transplantation.