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Synthesis of Graphene-Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites for Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering
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Comparative facile methods for preparing graphene oxide-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering.

M G Raucci1, D Giugliano1, A Longo1

  • 1Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
|January 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene oxide (GO) biocomposites were created using sol-gel and biomimetic methods, showing distinct hydroxyapatite formations. These materials impact osteogenic mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, offering potential for bone repair and biomedical implants.

Keywords:
biomineralizationbone repairgraphene oxidehuman mesenchymal stem cellshydroxyapatitesol-gel

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) shows promise as a nanofiller in composites.
  • There is growing interest in using GO as a bioactive component in ceramic materials for biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare biomineralized GO using in situ sol-gel synthesis and biomimetic treatment.
  • To investigate the effects of different preparation methods on the structure of GO-based hydroxyapatite biocomposites.
  • To evaluate the impact of these biocomposites on osteogenic mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • In situ sol-gel synthesis of GO biocomposites.
  • Biomimetic treatment of GO for biomineralization.
  • Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for structural analysis.
  • Cell culture studies with osteogenic mesenchymal stem cells to assess proliferation and differentiation markers (e.g., ALP).

Main Results:

  • Sol-gel approach yielded spindle-like hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (ca. 5 ± 0.37 nm diameter, 70 ± 2.5 nm length) anchored to GO sheets via oxygen-containing functional groups.
  • Biomimetic treatment resulted in amorphous calcium phosphate on GO sheets after 5 days.
  • Sol-gel derived biocomposites enhanced early osteogenic differentiation marker (ALP) expression.
  • Biomimetic materials supported cell viability and proliferation, with delayed ALP expression.

Conclusions:

  • Different biomineralization approaches (sol-gel vs. biomimetic) lead to distinct hydroxyapatite structures on GO.
  • GO-based hydroxyapatite biocomposites exhibit differential effects on osteogenic cell behavior.
  • These findings suggest potential applications in bone repair, augmentation, and biomedical implant coatings.