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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We discovered that a Weyl point in 3D topological materials can form two distinct gapless spheres. This novel structure is characterized by three topological invariants and can be realized in superfluid Fermi gases.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Topological Materials
  • Superfluidity

Background:

  • Weyl points are fundamental topological excitations in 3D semimetals and superfluids.
  • Understanding the topological properties and potential new phases of matter associated with Weyl points is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the emergence of a novel topological structure from a Weyl point.
  • To characterize this new structure using topological invariants.
  • To identify a physical system where this phenomenon can be realized.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of topological invariants.
  • Investigation of the superfluid quasiparticle spectrum.
  • Consideration of spin-orbit couplings and Zeeman fields in a 3D degenerate Fermi gas.

Main Results:

  • A Weyl point can develop into a pair of nondegenerate gapless spheres.
  • This 'bouquet of spheres' is characterized by three distinct topological invariants: Chern number (0D), winding number (1D), and Chern number (2D).
  • The proposed structure is realizable in the superfluid state of a 3D degenerate Fermi gas under specific conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a new topological phase characterized by spherical structures originating from Weyl points.
  • The findings provide a concrete physical realization in spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases, supporting Fulde-Ferrell superfluids.
  • This work expands the understanding of topological phenomena in condensed matter systems.