A Brief Clinical Update on Hepatitis C--The Essentials

Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of cirrhosis and liver failure and the most common indication for liver transplant in the United States. Based on the prevalence of HCV infection at 1.3% of the US population, there are an estimated 74,000 people living with HCV infection in the state of Wisconsin, the majority of whom are undiagnosed. HCV infections in Wisconsin have increased, reflecting the increasing use of intravenous heroin in the state. This review discusses up-to-date guidelines for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of HCV. New direct-acting antiviral medications have revolutionized the treatment of HCV with significantly improved outcomes. High cost and limited availability of these medications present challenges in overall management of HCV.