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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

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Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
779
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

766
Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
766
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

674
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
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Brugada Syndrome.

Marwan M Refaat1, Mostafa Hotait2, Melvin Scheinman3

  • 1Cardiac Electrophysiology, Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, 3 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10017, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, 3 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10017, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics
|February 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brugada syndrome often goes undetected until cardiac arrest occurs. Further research into modulating factors is crucial for risk stratification and preventing sudden cardiac death in affected patients.

Keywords:
Brugada syndromeDiagnosisImplantable cardioverter defibrillatorSudden cardiac death

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Sudden Cardiac Death Research

Background:

  • Brugada syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the heart's electrical activity.
  • It can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
  • Despite advances, diagnosis and risk stratification remain challenging.

Observation:

  • Brugada syndrome often presents only after a patient survives cardiac arrest.
  • Genetic testing identifies mutations in only one-third of diagnosed cases.
  • Significant knowledge gaps persist regarding disease mechanisms and prognosis.

Findings:

  • The genetic basis of Brugada syndrome is not fully understood, with many cases lacking identifiable mutations.
  • Environmental and physiological factors likely play a role in disease manifestation and risk.
  • Current diagnostic and risk-assessment tools are insufficient for many patients.

Implications:

  • Future research must focus on identifying non-genetic factors influencing Brugada syndrome risk.
  • Improved risk stratification is needed to guide the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs).
  • Enhanced understanding will help clinicians better manage patients and prevent sudden cardiac death.