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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

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A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
2.0K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

2.1K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
2.1K
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

1.1K
When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode
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MR fingerprinting using the quick echo splitting NMR imaging technique.

Yun Jiang1, Dan Ma2, Renate Jerecic3

  • 1Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|March 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces MRF-QUEST, a new method combining Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) and Quick Echo Splitting NMR imaging (QUEST) for accurate T1 and T2 quantification. It achieves this with significantly reduced radio frequency (RF) power deposition.

Keywords:
MR fingerprintingQUESTquantitative imagingrelaxation timespecific absorption rate

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring diseases.
  • Traditional methods for measuring relaxation properties (T1 and T2) can be time-consuming and involve significant radio frequency (RF) power deposition.
  • Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) offers accelerated whole-brain T1 and T2 mapping but can have high RF power deposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantitative method for measuring MRI relaxation properties (T1 and T2).
  • To reduce radio frequency (RF) power deposition during MR imaging.
  • To combine the Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) technique with the Quick Echo Splitting NMR imaging (QUEST) technique.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a QUEST-based MRF sequence to acquire high-order echoes by increasing RF pulse gaps.
  • Utilized Bloch simulations to generate a dictionary of plausible signal evolutions for various T1 and T2 values.
  • Evaluated MRF-QUEST accuracy by comparing results to spin-echo methods and assessed specific absorption rate (SAR) against clinical methods.

Main Results:

  • MRF-QUEST accurately quantifies T1 and T2 relaxation properties.
  • The method achieves good agreement with traditional spin-echo techniques.
  • Estimated head SAR for MRF-QUEST was 0.03 W/kg, indicating reduced RF power deposition.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of MRF and QUEST enables simultaneous, accurate T1 and T2 quantification.
  • This approach significantly reduces RF power deposition compared to conventional methods.
  • MRF-QUEST offers a promising new acquisition strategy for MR imaging, particularly when RF energy deposition is a concern.