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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Extraction and Dissection of the Domesticated Pig Brain
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The Pig Olfactory Brain: A Primer.

Peter C Brunjes1, Sanford Feldman2, Stephen K Osterberg3

  • 1Department Psychology, University of Virginia, 102 Gilmer Hall, PO Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA and brunjes@virginia.edu.

Chemical Senses
|March 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pigs possess large and organized olfactory brain regions, including the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex. This study details their structure and neuronal components, confirming general mammalian patterns.

Keywords:
anterior olfactory nucleusolfactory bulbolfactory cortexolfactory pedunclepiriform cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory System Research
  • Comparative Mammalian Anatomy

Background:

  • Pigs are known for strong olfactory abilities, yet their olfactory brain structures remain understudied.
  • Limited research exists on the specific brain regions governing a pig's sense of smell.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, and piriform cortex in adult pigs.
  • To characterize the cellular and fiber components within these key olfactory brain regions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Nissl, myelin, and Golgi staining techniques for structural organization.
  • Employed confocal microscopy to analyze projection neurons, GABAergic local circuit neurons, neuromodulatory fibers, and glia.

Main Results:

  • Pig olfactory structures were found to be notably large and highly organized.
  • The observed organization aligns with general patterns seen in other mammalian olfactory systems.
  • Detailed characterization of various neuron types, fibers, and glial cells was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms that pig olfactory brain regions are well-developed and follow established mammalian neuroanatomical principles.
  • This research provides foundational data for understanding pig olfaction and comparative neuroanatomy.