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Related Concept Videos

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

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Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
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Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Sulfate Attack on Concrete01:29

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Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
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Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
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Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives

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Calcium Carbonate.

M M H Al Omari1, I S Rashid1, N A Qinna2

  • 1The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co., Amman, Jordan.

Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology
|March 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a widespread chemical compound. It is the primary component in rocks like limestone and biological structures such as shells and eggshells, existing in various stable forms.

Keywords:
AragoniteCalciteInhibitionMonohydrocalcitePrecipitationVaterite

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Biomineralization
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a ubiquitous chemical compound.
  • It is a fundamental building block in geological formations (e.g., limestone) and biological structures (e.g., shells, eggshells).
  • CaCO3 exhibits polymorphism, with different crystal structures (polymorphs) influencing its properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
  • To highlight its chemical composition and natural occurrence.
  • To introduce the concept of CaCO3 polymorphism and its dependence on environmental variables.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of geological and chemical data.
  • Analysis of mineralogical and biological sources of CaCO3.
  • Examination of factors influencing CaCO3 polymorph stability.

Main Results:

  • CaCO3 is composed of calcium, carbon, and oxygen.
  • It is found globally in diverse geological and biological contexts.
  • The stability of different CaCO3 polymorphs is contingent upon various environmental factors.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium carbonate is a geochemically and biologically significant compound.
  • Understanding its polymorphs is crucial for applications in materials science and geology.
  • Further research into CaCO3 stability under different conditions is warranted.