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Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
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Reducing failures of working memory with performance feedback.

Kirsten C S Adam1, Edward K Vogel2

  • 1University of Chicago, 940 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. kadam1@uchicago.edu.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|March 11, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Negative feedback significantly reduces working memory (WM) failures. Weighted feedback, which penalizes errors, was most effective in improving performance and decreasing lapses in visual working memory tasks.

Keywords:
Cognitive and attentional controlFeedbackVisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Attentional fluctuations can cause working memory (WM) failures.
  • Failures result in chance-level performance in recalling recent information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different feedback types on visual working memory (WM) failure rates.
  • To assess the effectiveness of simple, cumulative, and weighted feedback.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a whole-report measure for visual WM across three experiments.
  • Subjects recalled an array of colored items after a delay.
  • Varied feedback conditions: simple, cumulative, and weighted (loss/streak points).

Main Results:

  • Simple feedback did not improve performance or reduce failures.
  • Cumulative feedback modestly decreased failures by 7%.
  • Weighted feedback significantly reduced failures by 28% compared to baseline.

Conclusions:

  • Whole-report WM measures are valuable for studying feedback effects.
  • Feedback structures that discourage lapses, particularly with negative consequences, are most effective in reducing WM failures.