[Current epidemiology of gout]

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Epidemiology
• Internal Medicine

Context:

• Gout is the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis in adults.
• Prevalence has significantly increased in recent decades, disproportionately affecting individuals over 65.
• The male to female ratio is shifting, particularly post-menopause.

Purpose:

• To summarize the current understanding of gout prevalence, risk factors, and associated conditions.
• To highlight the epidemiological trends and contributing factors to the rising incidence of gout.

Summary:

• Serum uric acid levels show a linear correlation with gout risk.
• Key risk factors include hyperuricemia, genetic predisposition, advanced age, male gender, obesity, lifestyle, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diuretic use.
• Comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome and CKD are common in gout patients, with two-fifths having CKD.

Impact:

• Understanding these factors is crucial for managing the growing burden of gout.
• Identifies key areas for public health interventions and clinical management strategies.
• Highlights the significant overlap between gout and chronic kidney disease, necessitating integrated care approaches.