[Interpretation of Pathological Changes at the Vitreoretinal Interface].

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Medical Imaging
• Retinal Diseases

Background:

• Historically, consensus existed on diagnosing and surgically treating vitreomacular interface (VMI) pathologies.
• Advancements in Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) imaging have elucidated pathogenetic processes.
• Risk factors for macular traction syndrome, epiretinal membrane (ERM), and macular hole have been identified.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review clinically relevant aspects of diagnostic testing for VMI diseases.
• To discuss current treatment strategies for pathological changes at the VMI.
• To highlight the impact of new imaging and non-surgical treatments on VMI disease classification.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of diagnostic investigations and surgical treatments for VMI pathologies.
• Analysis of the role of SD-OCT in understanding VMI pathogenetic processes.
• Evaluation of the impact of ocriplasmin approval and new imaging techniques on VMI classification.

Main Results:

• SD-OCT imaging has improved the understanding of VMI pathogenetic mechanisms.
• New classifications for VMI diseases have emerged following non-surgical treatment approvals.
• Distinguishing physiological aging from pathological VMI changes is now more precise.

Conclusions:

• Modern imaging techniques and non-surgical options have significantly advanced VMI disease management.
• Accurate diagnosis and classification are crucial for effective VMI disease treatment.
• This review synthesizes current knowledge on VMI diagnostics and therapeutics.