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Related Concept Videos

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Anisotropic Paramagnetic Meissner Effect by Spin-Orbit Coupling.

Camilla Espedal1, Takehito Yokoyama2, Jacob Linder1

  • 1Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.

Physical Review Letters
|April 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Superconductors normally repel magnetic fields. This study explores how spin-orbit interactions create an anisotropic Meissner effect, offering new ways to tune magnetic and superconducting properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Conventional s-wave superconductors exhibit the Meissner effect, expelling external magnetic fields.
  • Recent advancements have shown that magnetic materials can tailor the electromagnetic response of superconducting correlations.
  • Understanding and controlling the Meissner effect is crucial for developing novel superconducting devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate an alternative method for altering the Meissner effect in superconductors.
  • To explore the induction of an anisotropic Meissner response through spin-orbit interactions.
  • To demonstrate the potential for tunable electromagnetic responses in hybrid magnet-superconductor systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical consideration of spin-orbit interactions within a superconducting system.
  • Analysis of the resulting anisotropic Meissner response.
  • Examination of the dependence of the Meissner effect on external magnetic field orientation.

Main Results:

  • Spin-orbit interactions can induce a sign-changing anisotropic Meissner response.
  • The electromagnetic response of the superconductor becomes dependent on the orientation of the applied magnetic field.
  • This anisotropic response offers a new mechanism for controlling superconducting properties.

Conclusions:

  • Spin-orbit interactions provide a novel route to tune the Meissner effect.
  • The ability to alter the Meissner response opens new avenues for hybrid magnet-superconductor technologies.
  • This research contributes to the fundamental understanding and practical application of superconductivity.