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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
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Nonallergic Rhinitis: Treatment.

Phillip L Lieberman1, Peter Smith2

  • 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|April 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) is a syndrome with various names. Effective treatment for NAR involves addressing autonomic nervous system abnormalities or inflammation, often with intranasal antihistamines and corticosteroids.

Keywords:
Idiopathic rhinitisNonallergic rhinitisNonallergic rhinopathyNoninfectious nonallergic rhinitisVasomotor rhinitis

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Chronic nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) is a complex syndrome, not a distinct disease.
  • Pathogenesis is poorly understood, leading to varied terminology like vasomotor rhinitis.
  • Existing classifications include autonomic dysfunction or inflammatory subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the nature of chronic nonallergic rhinitis.
  • To outline therapeutic strategies based on underlying pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on NAR.
  • Analysis of proposed classifications and treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • NAR presents as a syndrome with diverse causes and symptoms.
  • Two predominant pathological forms are identified: autonomic nervous system dysfunction and inflammation.
  • Combined intranasal antihistamine and corticosteroid therapy shows general efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Nonallergic rhinitis requires a tailored therapeutic approach.
  • Addressing specific underlying pathologies, such as autonomic imbalance or inflammation, is key.
  • Combination therapy with intranasal antihistamines and corticosteroids is a recommended general strategy.