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Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder

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Possible Functional Moving Toes Syndrome.

Nora Vanegas-Arroyave¹, Pattamon Panyakaew², Dronacharya Lamichhane³

¹Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements (New York, N.Y.)

|May 5, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Moving toes syndrome may stem from functional causes, not just nerve injury. Attentional factors and voluntary commands can influence these involuntary toe movements.

Keywords:

Functional movement disorder moving toes syndrome psychogenic movement disorder

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Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

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Published on: March 11, 2022

Area of Science:

Neurology
Movement Disorders
Functional Neurological Disorders

Background:

Moving toes syndrome traditionally viewed as organic, linked to peripheral nerve injury.
The link between nerve trauma and movement disorders is debated.
Functional etiology for moving toes syndrome is a recent proposal.

Purpose of the Study:

To present two cases of moving toes syndrome.
To highlight clinical features suggestive of a functional movement disorder in these cases.

Main Methods:

Case report methodology.
Clinical description of two patients with moving toes syndrome.

Main Results:

Both cases exhibited clinical features consistent with a functional movement disorder.
Entrainability and distractibility were observed, indicating attentional influences.

Conclusions:

Attentional influences play a role in the involuntary toe movements.
Subcortical origins may allow voluntary command influence on toe movements.