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This study measured electric resistivity and molar volume for graphite and liquid carbon under high pressure. Findings suggest graphite is metallic, while liquid carbon is non-metallic, indicating a metal-to-nonmetal transition upon melting.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • High-Pressure Physics

Background:

  • Understanding the electronic properties of carbon phases is crucial for materials science.
  • The behavior of carbon under extreme pressure and temperature conditions remains an active area of research.
  • Distinguishing between metallic and non-metallic states in carbon is key to its phase diagram.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly measure the functional dependencies of electric resistivity and molar volume on enthalpy and pressure for graphite and liquid carbon.
  • To investigate the electronic transition of carbon during melting under high pressure.
  • To determine if graphite exhibits metallic properties and if liquid carbon is non-metallic.

Main Methods:

  • Direct measurements of electric resistivity.
  • Direct measurements of molar volume.
  • Experiments conducted under high pressures ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 GPa.

Main Results:

  • For graphite at pressures <= 1 GPa, the isochoric temperature coefficient of resistance was found to be positive.
  • For liquid carbon over the entire investigated pressure range (0.5-3.5 GPa), the isochoric temperature coefficient of resistance was negative.
  • These results indicate a change in electronic behavior between solid graphite and liquid carbon.

Conclusions:

  • Graphite likely behaves as a metal under the studied conditions.
  • Liquid carbon appears to be non-metallic.
  • The melting of graphite under these pressures likely involves a metal-to-nonmetal electronic transition.