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Revised WIC Food Package and Children's Diet Quality
June M Tester1, Cindy W Leung2, Patricia B Crawford3
1Department of Endocrinology. University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California; jtester@chori.org.
Pediatrics
|June 1, 2016
Summary
The 2009 WIC food package update improved children's diets. WIC participants showed higher diet quality scores after the revisions, particularly in vegetable intake.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Public Health Policy
- Pediatric Nutrition
Background:
- The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) revised its food package in October 2009.
- The revision aimed to increase the intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lower-fat milk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of the 2009 WIC food package revisions on the dietary quality of children in WIC-participating households.
- To compare diet quality changes between WIC participants and non-participants.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from 1197 children aged 2-4 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2008 and 2011-2012).
- Calculated the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) using two 24-hour dietary recalls.
- Employed linear regression and generalized linear models to assess the association between WIC revisions and HEI-2010 scores, adjusting for covariates.
Main Results:
- WIC participants' average HEI-2010 scores increased from 52.4 to 58.3 post-revision, while non-participants' scores rose from 50.0 to 52.4.
- WIC food package revisions were linked to an average increase of 3.7 HEI-2010 points for participants compared to non-participants.
- A significant 3.4-fold relative increase in the Greens and Beans component score was observed among WIC participants.
Conclusions:
- The WIC food package revisions are associated with improved diet quality among children in WIC households.
- The findings suggest that policy changes in food assistance programs can positively influence children's nutritional intake.
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