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Affect in the eyes: explicit and implicit evaluations.

Tingji Chen1, Terhi M Helminen1, Jari K Hietanen1

  • 1a Human Information Processing Laboratory, School of Social Sciences and Humanities/Psychology , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland.

Cognition & Emotion
|June 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Direct eye gaze elicits automatic positive affective responses, contrasting with conscious evaluations. This study reveals a dissociation between explicit and implicit processing of gaze direction.

Keywords:
Eye gazeaffective evaluationaffective primingresponse timeself-ratings

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Gaze direction is a crucial social cue influencing interpersonal interactions.
  • Understanding affective responses to gaze is key to social cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of another individual's gaze direction on observer's affective responses.
  • To explore the dissociation between explicit and implicit evaluations of gaze stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1 utilized subjective self-ratings and an affective priming paradigm.
  • Participants evaluated direct gaze, averted gaze, and closed eyes.
  • Experiment 2 controlled for stimulus presentation times.

Main Results:

  • Explicit self-ratings favored closed eyes over direct gaze.
  • Implicit affective priming revealed direct gaze was evaluated more positively than closed eyes.
  • These opposing patterns were consistent across presentation times.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports automatic affective reactions to eye gaze.
  • A dissociation exists between explicit and implicit affective evaluations of gaze direction.
  • Gaze perception involves distinct conscious and unconscious processing pathways.