Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Small-Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifiers01:23

Small-Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifiers

1.2K
In small-signal analysis, a MOSFET transistor amplifier acts as a linear amplifier when operating in its saturation region. The gate-to-source voltage (VGS) of the MOSFET is the sum of the DC biasing voltage and the small time-varying input signal. This combination sets up the operating point and modulates the drain current (ID) that flows from the drain to the source. When a small AC signal is superimposed on the DC bias voltage at the gate, the instantaneous drain current comprises three...
1.2K
Small-signal Diode Model01:18

Small-signal Diode Model

1.8K
In analyzing the behavior of diodes in circuits, the relationship between the current through a diode and the voltage across it is of particular interest, especially when considering the effect of a direct current (DC) bias voltage. When applied, this DC bias influences the diode's operating point, known as the Q point, around which the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of the diode exhibits exponential behavior. Introducing a small, time-varying signal on top of this bias aids in examining...
1.8K
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

422
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
422
Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

986
Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
986
Frequency Response of a Circuit01:20

Frequency Response of a Circuit

930
Inductive circuits present intriguing challenges in electrical engineering, particularly during the transition from the time domain to the frequency domain. This transformation involves converting inductors into impedances and utilizing phasor representation.
The transfer function is pivotal in characterizing how these circuits react to various frequencies, facilitating a profound understanding of their behavior. An essential parameter is the time constant, signifying the...
930
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

1.6K
A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ultrafast dynamic compression of cyclohexane.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Calibration of Time-Interleaved Errors in Digital Real-Time Oscilloscopes.

IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement·2024
Same author

The NIST 30 MHz Linear Measurement System.

Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology·2023
Same author

Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-<i>co</i>-divinyl benzene) polyHIPE monolith-supported <i>o</i>-hydroxynaphthaldehyde propylenediamine Schiff base ligand complex of copper(ii) ions as a catalyst for the epoxidation of cyclohexene.

RSC advances·2022
Same author

Influence of Noise on Scattering-Parameter Measurements.

IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques·2022
Same author

Corrigendum to "Polyglutamic acid-based nanocomposites as efficient non-viral gene carriers in vitro and in vivo" [Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 79(3) (2011) 473-484].

European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Recombination Dynamics in Thin-film Photovoltaic Materials via Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity
11:30

Recombination Dynamics in Thin-film Photovoltaic Materials via Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity

Published on: March 6, 2017

12.3K

Frequency-Domain Models for Nonlinear Microwave Devices Based on Large-Signal Measurements.

Jeffrey A Jargon1, Donald C DeGroot1, K C Gupta2

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|July 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces nonlinear large-signal scattering (S) parameters for analyzing signal behavior in electronic circuits. These new parameters offer a more general approach than existing methods for nonlinear circuit design and analysis.

Keywords:
frequency-domainlarge-signalmeasurementmicrowavemodelnetwork analyzernonlinearscattering parameter

More Related Videos

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
10:35

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Published on: September 26, 2014

12.8K
Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
10:26

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Published on: May 21, 2016

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Recombination Dynamics in Thin-film Photovoltaic Materials via Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity
11:30

Recombination Dynamics in Thin-film Photovoltaic Materials via Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity

Published on: March 6, 2017

12.3K
Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
10:35

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Published on: September 26, 2014

12.8K
Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
10:26

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Published on: May 21, 2016

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Nonlinear Circuit Analysis
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Traditional scattering (S)-parameters are limited to linear systems.
  • Analyzing nonlinear circuits requires advanced characterization techniques.
  • Existing nonlinear models can be complex to derive or unavailable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce nonlinear large-signal scattering (S)-parameters as a novel frequency-domain mapping.
  • Develop a general framework for nonlinear large-signal S-parameters, impedance (Z), and admittance (Y) parameters.
  • Provide a practical tool for nonlinear circuit design and analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of general nonlinear large-signal S-, Z-, and Y-parameters.
  • Derivation of inter-conversion equations between parameter sets.
  • Application in the design of a 1 GHz frequency-doubler circuit.
  • Development of an extraction method using artificial neural networks and nonlinear vector network analyzer measurements.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinear large-signal S-parameters generalize classic S-parameters for nonlinear systems.
  • Demonstrated utility in designing a specific nonlinear frequency-doubler.
  • Successful extraction of parameters using ANNs when nonlinear models are unavailable.
  • Nonlinear large-signal S-parameters found to be more general than nonlinear scattering functions.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear large-signal S-parameters provide a powerful and versatile tool for characterizing nonlinear circuits.
  • The proposed extraction method enables parameter determination even without pre-existing nonlinear models.
  • This work advances the analysis and design capabilities for complex nonlinear electronic systems.