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Refraction effects in soft x-ray multilayer blazed gratings.

D L Voronov, F Salmassi, J Meyer-Ilse

|July 14, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel Multilayer Blazed Grating (MBG) achieved record soft x-ray diffraction efficiency. Refraction effects were confirmed, influencing blazing properties and enabling harmonic suppression.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science
X-ray Optics

Background:

Soft x-ray spectroscopy requires efficient diffraction gratings.
Traditional gratings face limitations like shadowing effects at high groove densities.
Multilayer Blazed Gratings (MBGs) offer potential for improved performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To fabricate and test a high groove density MBG for soft x-ray applications.
To investigate the diffraction efficiency and underlying physical mechanisms.
To explore the role of refraction effects in MBG performance.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a 2500 lines/mm MBG with a W/B4C multilayer coating.
Experimental testing of diffraction efficiency across the 500-1200 eV energy range.
Analysis of diffraction properties, including shadowing and refraction effects.

Main Results:

Achieved record diffraction efficiency in the 2nd blazed order for soft x-rays.
Demonstrated that shadowing effects do not limit high groove density MBGs.
Experimentally confirmed asymmetrical Bragg diffraction and its influence on blazing properties.
Observed shifts in resonance wavelength and altered bandwidth due to refraction.
Showcased the potential of refraction effects for harmonic suppression.

Conclusions:

High groove density MBGs overcome limitations of traditional gratings.
Asymmetrical refraction effects are crucial for understanding and optimizing MBG performance.
Refraction effects can be leveraged for advanced applications like harmonic suppression in soft x-ray optics.