Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes
Published on: December 24, 2014
Frictional force released during sliding mechanics in nonconventional elastomerics and self-ligation: An in vitro
Davender Kumar1, Vinay Dua2, Rajat Mangla2
1Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, PGIDS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
Aim And Objectives:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the frictional forces generated by five different orthodontic brackets when used in combination with stainless steel (SS), titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA), and nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires in dry conditions at physiological temperature.
Materials And Methods:
Five different types of maxillary upper right side self-ligating brackets (SLBs) (Damon 3MX, Smart Clip and Carriere LX) and conventional SS brackets (Mini 2000, Optimum Series and Victory Series) with a slot size 0.022 inch were coupled with 0.016" NiTi and 0.019 × 0.025" SS/titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA) archwires. Tests were carried out for each group of the bracket-wire combination at physiological temperature and in the dry state. Frictional forces were measured by Instron universal testing machine.
Results:
SLB showed lower fictional values in comparison with elastic ligatures. Frictional force increased proportionally to the wire size; TMA and NiTi archwires presented higher frictional resistance than SS archwires.
Conclusion:
SS brackets tied with conventional ligatures produced high and low friction when ligated with SLBs with passive clip.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Static and Kinetic Frictional Force
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
Frictional Force
Dry Friction
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
Types of Friction Problems
The first type of dry friction problem involves situations where there is no apparent impending motion....
Characteristics of Dry Friction
Before the wheelbarrow starts moving, the static frictional force acts tangentially to the contact surface, opposing the force that is about to induce the motion. This frictional force prevents the...
Static Friction
For example, consider a scenario where a truck is connected to a car by a rope, ready to tow it along a road. When no external force is applied by the truck, the car remains stationary and is said to be in static equilibrium. In this case, the forces acting on the car, such as gravity and the...

