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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

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Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
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Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

37
Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...
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Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

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Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses
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Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses

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Cellulitis: A Review.

Adam B Raff1, Daniela Kroshinsky1

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

JAMA
|July 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellulitis, a common skin infection, is diagnosed clinically. Initial treatment targets Streptococcus and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, with MRSA considered for high-risk patients. Addressing risk factors prevents recurrence.

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Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses
10:45

Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses

Published on: June 13, 2018

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cellulitis is a frequent bacterial skin infection affecting deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
  • It causes significant healthcare burden, with over 650,000 US admissions annually and substantial ambulatory care costs.
  • Causative bacteria are often unidentified due to non-culturable nature in most cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline diagnostic criteria for cellulitis.
  • To provide evidence-based treatment guidelines for cellulitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of addressing predisposing factors for recurrence prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, including erythema, warmth, tenderness, and swelling.
  • Empirical antibiotic selection considers common pathogens like Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Treatment duration is typically five days, with extensions based on clinical response.

Main Results:

  • Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common identified pathogens in cellulitis.
  • Treatment should initially cover methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), expanding to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) for at-risk populations.
  • Five days of antibiotic therapy is generally sufficient, with longer courses for persistent symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Cellulitis diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on patient history and physical examination.
  • Standard treatment involves targeting Streptococcus and MSSA.
  • Treatment failure necessitates re-evaluation for resistant organisms, mimic conditions, or underlying health issues.