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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Electroantennography-based Bio-hybrid Odor-detecting Drone using Silkmoth Antennae for Odor Source Localization
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Bio-Inspired Miniature Direction Finding Acoustic Sensor.

Daniel Wilmott1, Fabio Alves1, Gamani Karunasiri1

  • 1Department of Physics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA.

Scientific Reports
|July 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a novel MEMS direction finding sensor inspired by fly ears. Dual sensor arrays accurately locate sound sources by overcoming directional ambiguity, achieving high precision.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetic engineering
  • Acoustic sensing
  • Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)

Background:

  • Traditional sound source localization methods face challenges with accuracy and complexity.
  • The Ormia Ochracea fly's unique auditory system offers inspiration for novel directional sensing.
  • MEMS technology enables miniaturization and integration of complex sensor functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a narrowband MEMS direction finding sensor inspired by the Ormia Ochracea fly.
  • To address the directional ambiguity inherent in single-axis sensors.
  • To achieve accurate sound source localization without needing to know sound pressure levels.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a MEMS sensor mimicking the coupled mechanical structure of the fly's ears.
  • Assembly of two sensors at a canted angle to resolve directional ambiguity.
  • Signal processing of outputs from the dual-sensor assembly for direction finding.

Main Results:

  • The MEMS sensor operates at its bending resonance frequency (1.69 kHz) with a measured output voltage of 25 V/Pa.
  • The dual-sensor assembly demonstrated accurate sound source localization, with angle uncertainty ranging from <0.3° to 3.4° within ±60° coverage.
  • Directional characteristics similar to a pressure gradient microphone were observed, with symmetric directional response.

Conclusions:

  • Dual MEMS direction finding sensor assemblies, inspired by biomimetic principles, offer a promising solution for high-accuracy sound source localization.
  • The developed sensor overcomes the inherent ambiguity of single-axis sensors, enabling precise bearing determination.
  • This technology has significant potential for applications requiring precise acoustic sensing and tracking.