Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

127
Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
127
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

73
Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
73
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

94
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
94
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

90
Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
90
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

73
The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
73
Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes01:28

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

99
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450...
99

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thyroid hormone augmentation for bipolar disorder: a neurobiological and clinical narrative review.

International journal of bipolar disorders·2026
Same author

Electroconvulsive Therapy for the Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Amyostatic-Akinetic Encephalitis Lethargica: A Case Report.

The journal of ECT·2026
Same author

Animal models that mirror bipolar disorder's pathophysiologic complexities: focused review of common models.

Expert opinion on drug discovery·2026
Same author

Mood Stabilizers Are the First Line of Treatment for Bipolar Disorder.

Southern medical journal·2026
Same author

Challenges with clinical trial participants in studies with classical psychedelics: A position statement from the National Network of Depression Centers' task group on psychedelics and related compounds.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Parallels between bipolar disorder and ATP1A3-related diseases: a window into the investigation of lithium for alternating hemiplegia of childhood.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.6K

Pharmacogenomics in Psychiatric Practice.

Rif S El-Mallakh1, R Jeannie Roberts2, Peggy L El-Mallakh3

  • 1Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville HealthCare OutPatient Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 401 East Chestnut Street, Suite 610, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
|August 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmacogenomic testing in psychiatry improves depression outcomes and reduces costs. This approach uses gene variants to predict patient response and adverse effects, enhancing psychiatric care.

Keywords:
2D6AntidepressantsAntipsychoticsCYP2D6OPRM1Pharmacogenomic testingPsychiatric pharmacogenomicsSLC6A4

More Related Videos

Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
08:04

Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons

Published on: June 6, 2025

1.7K
A Pipeline using Bilateral In Utero Electroporation to Interrogate Genetic Influences on Rodent Behavior
06:59

A Pipeline using Bilateral In Utero Electroporation to Interrogate Genetic Influences on Rodent Behavior

Published on: May 21, 2020

4.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.6K
Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
08:04

Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons

Published on: June 6, 2025

1.7K
A Pipeline using Bilateral In Utero Electroporation to Interrogate Genetic Influences on Rodent Behavior
06:59

A Pipeline using Bilateral In Utero Electroporation to Interrogate Genetic Influences on Rodent Behavior

Published on: May 21, 2020

4.7K

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatric pharmacogenomics
  • Clinical genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Pharmacogenomic testing is increasingly used in clinical psychiatry.
  • Gene variants influence drug response and adverse effects in psychiatric conditions, particularly depression.
  • Existing gene profiles show promise in improving depression outcomes and reducing healthcare costs for non-responders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current applications of psychiatric pharmacogenomics.
  • To highlight the role of gene variants in predicting treatment response and adverse effects.
  • To discuss emerging gene variants being studied for specific psychiatric responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on psychiatric pharmacogenomics.
  • Analysis of vendor-provided interpretations of combinatorial pharmacogenomic tests.
  • Examination of studies investigating gene variants in depression pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • Pharmacogenomic testing demonstrates improved outcomes in depression treatment.
  • Cost of care is reduced for patients with inadequate clinical response.
  • Several new gene variants are under investigation for predicting specific individual responses.

Conclusions:

  • Psychiatric pharmacogenomics is an established and evolving clinical procedure.
  • Gene variant testing offers personalized approaches to psychiatric treatment.
  • Further research into new gene variants will refine predictive capabilities in psychiatry.