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Noise-Optimized Silicon Radiometers.

G P Eppeldauer1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8441.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|August 24, 2016
PubMed
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This study optimized silicon radiometers for measuring optical radiation. Researchers achieved a record low noise floor, enabling faster and more sensitive measurements in both AC and DC modes.

Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Instrumentation
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Silicon radiometers are crucial for optical radiation measurement.
  • Optimizing dynamic characteristics and noise performance is essential for sensitive measurements.
  • Existing radiometers face limitations in noise floor and measurement speed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform noise analysis and optimize the dynamic characteristics of silicon radiometers.
  • To improve the design considerations for photodiode current meters measuring optical radiation.
  • To achieve a lower noise floor and faster measurement times for both AC and DC optical radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental verification of noise analysis and dynamic characteristic design.
  • Optimization of transimpedance, loop, and voltage gain versus frequency.
Keywords:
chopped radiationgainnoisephotocurrentradiometersensitivitysilicon photodiodes

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  • Utilizing photodiodes with varying shunt resistance and low-noise operational amplifiers.
  • Implementing AC measurement mode with optimized chopping frequency and integration time constants.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved an equivalent root-mean-square (rms) photocurrent noise of 8 × 10(-17) A at 9 Hz chopping frequency and 30 s integration time.
    • Obtained the lowest noise floor of 5 × 10(-17) A (NEP of 1.4 × 10(-16) W) at 100 s integration time.
    • Demonstrated a ten times shorter overall measurement time (40 s vs. 400 s) in AC mode compared to DC mode for a 10(-16) A noise floor.

    Conclusions:

    • The optimized silicon radiometers exhibit significantly improved dynamic characteristics and noise performance.
    • AC measurement mode offers substantial time savings while maintaining a low noise floor.
    • The developed radiometers provide enhanced capabilities for precise optical radiation measurements.