Oxidative stress in the trabecular meshwork (Review)

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Cell Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness globally, with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) as the primary risk factor.
• Increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow at the trabecular meshwork (TM) elevates IOP, contributing to glaucoma.
• Oxidative stress and vascular damage are identified as critical cellular mechanisms altering TM function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current findings on oxidative damage to the trabecular meshwork (TM) in relation to glaucoma.
• To explore sources of oxidative stress within the TM and discuss potential antioxidant interventions.
• To highlight the link between TM oxidative stress and glaucoma pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating oxidative stress in the trabecular meshwork.
• Analysis of various sources of oxidative stress, including cellular organelles and exogenous factors.
• Examination of antioxidant strategies and clinical studies relevant to TM protection.

Main Results:

• Oxidative stress contributes significantly to trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction and glaucoma development.
• Multiple cellular components within the TM are sources of oxidative stress.
• Antioxidants show potential for protecting the TM, though further research is needed.

Conclusions:

• Oxidative stress-induced damage to the TM is strongly implicated in glaucoma.
• Further research is required to develop effective antioxidants and validate in vitro findings in vivo.
• Restoring the oxidative/redox balance in the TM may be a key therapeutic strategy for glaucoma prevention.