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Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Circadian rhythm and menopause.

A Pines1

  • 1a Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv , Israel.

Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society
|September 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The circadian rhythm, an internal biological clock, changes with age and sex, impacting health. Menopause in women is linked to sleep disturbances and altered melatonin levels, with potential connections to hot flushes.

Keywords:
Circadian rhythmhot flushesmelatoninmenopause

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • The circadian rhythm is a fundamental biological clock regulating physiological processes.
  • Significant age-related and sex-specific changes occur in circadian rhythms at physiological and molecular levels.
  • Disruptions in circadian rhythms are linked to various health issues, including metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, mood disturbances, and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of aging and sex on circadian rhythms.
  • To investigate the relationship between menopause, sleep disturbances, melatonin secretion, and hot flushes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on circadian rhythms, aging, sex differences, and menopause.
  • Analysis of physiological and molecular changes associated with circadian rhythm disruption.
  • Examination of data on melatonin secretion patterns and hot flush occurrences in relation to menopause.

Main Results:

  • Circadian rhythms exhibit significant changes throughout the lifespan and show sex differences.
  • Menopause is associated with sleep disturbances and reduced melatonin levels in women.
  • Hot flushes display a circadian pattern, peaking in the afternoon, but a direct link to melatonin secretion remains unsupported by current data.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian rhythm alterations with aging and sex, particularly during menopause, significantly affect women's health and sleep.
  • While menopause impacts melatonin and sleep, and hot flushes have a circadian pattern, their direct causal relationship requires further investigation.