Development of an expert based ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM map to AIS 2005 update 2008

Area of Science:

• Medical Informatics
• Trauma Research
• Public Health

Background:

• The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) are distinct coding systems used for classifying diseases and injuries, respectively.
• Differences in their structure and purpose create a data gap, hindering comprehensive injury analysis.
• Bridging this gap is crucial for accurate trauma research and public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a comprehensive mapping methodology from ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes to AIS08 severities and body regions.
• To create expert-driven rules for consistent mapping between the two coding systems.
• To facilitate improved data analysis for injury surveillance and research.

Main Methods:

• An expert panel of ICD and AIS certified coders analyzed the rules and guidelines of both coding schemes.
• A systematic process was employed to map ICD injury codes to AIS08 codes and severities.
• Rules were established to address discrepancies between the ICD and AIS taxonomies, ensuring a standardized approach.

Main Results:

• Over 19,000 ICD codes were analyzed, with 14,101 (74%) successfully mapped to AIS08 severity scores (1-6).
• Approximately 4,911 ICD codes were deemed non-mappable or assigned an unknown AIS08 severity.
• 15,214 (80%) ICD codes were mapped to AIS08 chapters and Injury Severity Score (ISS) body regions, enabling ISS calculations.

Conclusions:

• The developed ICD-AIS maps provide a validated solution for bridging data between ICD and AIS08 coding systems.
• These maps, endorsed by the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM), enhance the quality of injury severity estimation.
• The maps will support large-scale injury data analysis, advancing research on traumatic events.