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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma.

Homare Eda1, Loredana Santo1, G David Roodman1

  • 1Multiple Myeloma Program, Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Cancer Treatment and Research
|October 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple myeloma (MM) causes osteolytic bone disease (OBD) in most patients, leading to skeletal-related events. Targeting OBD with novel agents shows promise for treating both bone disease and multiple myeloma.

Keywords:
Bone diseaseMultiple myelomaTherapies

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Bone Biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by osteolytic bone disease (OBD), affecting nearly 90% of patients.
  • OBD leads to skeletal-related events (SREs) like fractures and pain, negatively impacting quality of life and survival.
  • OBD results from increased osteoclast (OC) activity and inhibited osteoblast (OB) function, disrupting bone remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel therapeutic strategies targeting osteolytic bone disease (OBD) in multiple myeloma (MM).
  • To explore agents that inhibit osteoclast (OC) activity or stimulate osteoblast (OB) differentiation.
  • To evaluate the potential of these agents in treating both MM-related bone complications and the cancer itself.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of bone remodeling in MM.
  • Investigation of cytokine deregulation in the bone marrow (BM) milieu.
  • Analysis of novel agents targeting OC inhibition and OB stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Increased OC number and activity, alongside suppressed OB differentiation, drives OBD in MM.
  • Inhibition of osteolysis and stimulation of OB differentiation demonstrate reduced tumor growth in vivo.
  • Several novel agents, in addition to bisphosphonates, are under investigation for their bone-modulating effects.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting OBD is a promising therapeutic strategy for MM.
  • Novel agents offer potential for treating MM-related bone morbidity and the underlying cancer.
  • Future research will focus on combining these agents to maximize therapeutic benefits and antitumor activity.