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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...

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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...

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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells

Published on: November 23, 2014

Modeling Proteolytically Driven Tumor Lymphangiogenesis.

Georgios Lolas¹, Lasse Jensen^2,3, George C Bourantas⁴

¹Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece. glolas@med.uoa.gr.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

|October 15, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor spread to distant organs, not primary tumors, causes most cancer deaths. New mathematical models explore how tumor cells form clusters and migrate within the lymphatic system, aiding invasion.

Keywords:

Lymphangiogenesis Mature VEGF-C Plasmin Proteolysis Tumor clusters Tumor heterogeneity

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Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Published on: May 1, 2015

Area of Science:

Mathematical Oncology
Cancer Metastasis Research
Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics

Background:

Primary tumors rarely cause cancer mortality; secondary tumor growth in distant organs is the main cause of death.
Tumor survival, growth, and dissemination are linked to the formation of new blood and lymph vessels (angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis).
Research in tumor lymphangiogenesis is a recent development, emerging significantly in the last decade.

Purpose of the Study:

To expand upon existing mathematical models of tumor lymphangiogenesis.
To investigate tumor lymphangiogenesis mediated by proteolytically and un-proteolytically processed growth factors.
To simulate tumor cell behavior and migration within the lymphatic network.

Main Methods:

Development and analysis of mathematical models based on cell densities and growth factor concentrations.
Estimation of model parameters using experimental and clinical data.
Computational simulations of model equations to analyze spatio-temporal dynamics.

Main Results:

Simulations produced dynamic, heterogeneous, and "anarchic" spatio-temporal solutions.
Observed coherent masses of tumor clusters migrating within and around the lymphatic network.
Findings align with experimental evidence linking cluster formation to reduced cell loss and immune evasion.

Conclusions:

Mathematical modeling provides insights into tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis.
Tumor cluster formation may protect invading cancer cells from immune responses within the lymphatic system.
Further research integrating mathematical and experimental approaches is crucial for understanding cancer invasion.