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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

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Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Oral Cavity.

Mark McInturff1, Anne Adamson2, Chadwick Donaldson2

  • 1Department of Anatomic Pathology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, San Diego, CA, 92134-5000, USA. mark.o.mcinturff.mil@mail.mil.

Head and Neck Pathology
|October 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A rare pediatric cancer, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, presented as a rapidly enlarging facial mass in a young female. Prompt diagnosis through biopsy and imaging was crucial for timely referral and treatment.

Keywords:
Buccal mucosaDesminEmbryonal rhabdomyosarcomaHistologyMyoD1MyogeninOral cavity

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma in children.
  • Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common subtype, often affecting the head and neck.
  • Early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment and improved outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 19-year-old female presented with a rapidly enlarging, painful right buccal mass.
  • Imaging revealed a low-attenuated buccal mass with mild enhancement.
  • Microscopic examination showed pleomorphic cells with atypical mitotic figures and "strap" cells.

Findings:

  • Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) excluded FKHR gene rearrangement.
  • The mass was diagnosed as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.
  • The patient required referral for specialized pediatric cancer treatment.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering rare diagnoses in pediatric facial masses.
  • Emphasizes the role of advanced imaging and histopathology in diagnosis.
  • Underscores the need for multidisciplinary care for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma.