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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
Published on: January 26, 2024
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1-β Polymorphisms in Pre-Eclampsia
Zeinab Tavakkol Afshari1, Hamid Reza Rahimi, Seyed Morteza Ehteshamfar
1Bu-Ali Research Institute, Department of Immunogenetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Background:
Pre-eclampsia is the most common critical condition during pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) increase in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, compared to normal pregnant women.
Objective:
To investigate the polymorphisms of IL-1β (C+3954T), TNF-α (G-308A), and (G-238A) in pre-eclemptic women in northeastern Iran.
Methods:
This study was conducted on 153 pre-eclamptic women (case group) and 150 healthy pregnant women (control group), admitted to Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals of Mashhad, Iran. IL-1β (C+3954T), TNF- α (G-238A) and TNF-α (G-308A) gene polymorphisms in the promoter region were screened by polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed, using SPSS version 16.0.
Results:
The mean age of the participants in the case and control groups was 28.2 ± 6.1 and 27.1 ± 6.3 years, respectively (P=0.68). The frequency of G-308A polymorphism was significantly higher in the case group, compared to the control group (p<0.001). However, no significant relationship was found between IL-1β genotype and pre-eclampsia (p=0.39). The frequency of TNF- α (G-238A) AA genotype was significantly higher in the case group, while GG genotype was less frequently detected in the case group, compared to the control group (p<0.001 for both genotypes). Moreover, the frequencies of AA genotypes of -238 TNF-α and G-308A polymorphisms were significantly higher in the case group, compared to the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion:
The significant correlation between inflammation promoting genotypes of TNF-α and pre-eclampsia is noteworthy and provides evidence on the contribution of immune related genes in this disease.
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