The Built Environment and Cognitive Disorders: Results From the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II

Area of Science:

• Environmental psychology
• Gerontology
• Public health

Background:

• Built environment characteristics may influence cognitive activity and long-term cognitive health.
• Investigating the relationship between land use features and cognitive impairment/dementia is crucial for aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine cross-sectional associations between land use features and cognitive impairment/dementia.
• To explore urban and rural variations in these associations.

Main Methods:

• Utilized data from 7,505 participants (aged ≥65) in the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II.
• Linked postcode data to environmental statistics and employed multilevel logistic regression.
• Analyzed associations between cognitive impairment (MMSE ≤25) and dementia with land use mix and natural environment availability, considering urban/rural interactions.

Main Results:

• Non-linear associations were observed between land use features and cognitive impairment.
• High land use mix was associated with a ~30% decreased odds of cognitive impairment (OR=0.72).
• In urban areas, high natural environment availability was linked to a 30% reduced odds of cognitive impairment (OR=0.70).

Conclusions:

• Confirmed non-linear associations between land use features and cognitive impairment in older English adults.
• Both insufficient and excessive environmental stimulation may negatively affect cognition in later life.
• Optimizing built environment features could support cognitive health in aging.