[DONATION AND SOME PROBLEMS OF DEFECT OF DONOR'S BLOOD]

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Infectious Diseases
• Hematology

Background:

• Transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) pose a significant risk to blood supply safety.
• Monitoring donor populations is essential for identifying and mitigating infection transmission.
• The Blood Center of Pavlodar region (BCPR) in Kazakhstan tracks donor data to assess TTI prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the prevalence of TTIs among blood donors and blood components in the Pavlodar region.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of donor screening and identify areas for improvement.
• To understand the contribution of TTIs to the absolute blood defect rate.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of donor withdrawal data and the structure of blood defects at the BCPR.
• Internal quality control of analytical and post-analytical stages.
• Monitoring of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infections in primary and repeat donors.

Main Results:

• The absolute blood defect increased 3.9-fold, primarily due to TTIs (47.6%).
• Hepatitis B (64.1%) and Hepatitis C (86.5%) were the most prevalent TTIs.
• Antibodies for HCV and HBsAg were detected 10 times more frequently in primary donors than in repeat donors.
• Unpaid donors constituted a higher proportion (92.4%) of the absolute blood defect compared to paid donors (7.6%).

Conclusions:

• There is a critical need to enhance the donor information system (EDITS) to improve donor selection and reduce TTI risks.
• Current screening identifies only 11.6% of potential donors at the first stage, increasing the risk of TTIs.
• TTIs, especially hepatitis B and C, are major contributors to blood defects, necessitating targeted interventions.