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Transitory Changes of Primacy and Recency in Successive Single-Trial Free Recall.
1a Department of Psychology , University of Wisconsin-Whitewater , USA.
The Journal of General Psychology
|February 3, 2017
Summary
Memory recall shows initial strong primacy and weak recency, which shifts with practice. Proactive interference release restores primacy, suggesting distinct mechanisms for primacy and recency effects in free recall.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Human Memory
Background:
- Serial position effects, specifically primacy and recency, are fundamental in free recall.
- Understanding the dynamic changes in these effects and their underlying mechanisms is crucial for memory research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the transitory changes in primacy and recency during successive single-trial free recall.
- To examine the influence of interlist proactive interference (PI) on these recall dynamics.
Main Methods:
- Conducted three experiments analyzing serial position curves across multiple free recall trials.
- Manipulated interlist proactive interference (PI) to assess its impact on primacy and recency effects.
Main Results:
- A pronounced primacy and moderate recency were observed on the first recall trial.
- Primacy decreased while recency increased with practice, accompanied by shifts in input-output correlations and output priority.
- Release from interlist PI restored pronounced primacy and overall recall performance.
Conclusions:
- Interlist proactive interference significantly affects the primacy effect in free recall.
- Recall strategy or output priority appears to influence the recency effect.
- The development of recall strategies is dependent on the presence of interlist PI.
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